High-functioning addiction: the hidden struggle of ultra-high-net-worth individuals
4th November 2024 / Written by Harbor London
“For many ultra-high-net-worth individuals, success and addiction often go hand in hand.”
High-functioning addiction is a hidden and often overlooked phenomenon, particularly prevalent among ultra-high-net-worth individuals (UHNWIs) and high-profile executives. These individuals can excel in their professional lives, maintain powerful positions, and appear outwardly successful, all while quietly struggling with substance misuse. This complex dynamic between success and addiction is a growing concern, as those affected often use their accomplishments to mask the severity of their condition.
An illustrative example comes from the high-profile case of former Toronto Mayor, Rob Ford. When questioned about his alleged substance misuse, Ford famously argued, “If I’m an addict, I could not show up to work every single day,” reflecting a widespread misconception that productivity negates addiction (1). In reality, many high-functioning addicts maintain their jobs precisely because they understand how crucial their income is to sustain their habits1. As Dr. Steven Melemis, an addiction specialist, points out, “The job is always the last thing to go”1.
Addiction among C-suite executives is a sensitive issue with wide-ranging implications. Some reports suggest that between 9% and 13% of C-level executives experience problems with alcohol or drug misuse, while in certain sectors, this figure could be as high as 45%2-3.
The paradox is striking: individuals who seem to have it all – power, influence, wealth – may be fighting deep battles behind closed doors, with societal and professional pressures only intensifying the need for secrecy. Most CEOs and CFOs carry immense responsibilities and must make decisions that affect not only the success of their organisations, but also the wellbeing of numerous employees2 and their families’ financial security. And, when faced with this overwhelming pressure of dependence, many may turn to alcohol or drugs as coping mechanisms3. Admitting to an addiction can feel unthinkable, given how tightly their sense of self-worth is linked to professional success2, creating a vicious cycle that often goes untreated.
High-functioning addiction: what does it look like?
High-functioning addiction refers to individuals who appear outwardly successful – managing their careers, family life, and extensive financial wealth – while quietly battling substance use disorders3. These individuals may seem in control, but they often rely on substances like alcohol, prescription drugs, or other compulsive behaviours to cope with the demands of their high-pressure roles.
One of the reasons addictions in successful c-suite executives often goes unnoticed is the unique set of resources that people in positions of power can use to conceal their addiction2, 4. Senior executives, for instance, may not need to explain frequent absences or missed meetings immediately, as they have assistants and teams to cover for them2. In fact, many wealthy individuals have the flexibility to mask their substance use behind packed schedules, giving them space to maintain the appearance of normalcy4.
Another aspect that keeps these addictions hidden is the reluctance of colleagues, board members, or direct reports to question an executive’s behaviour; status and power can deflect concerns, even when an executive starts acting erratically or uncharacteristically4.
Common behavioural signs of high-functioning addiction include secretive actions, chronic lateness to meetings, absences from work, or making rash decisions4. Additionally, they may begin to justify their substance use as a ‘reward’ for their hard work or see it as a facet that is key in helping them remain competitive in their careers4.
The pressure to succeed: a double-edged sword
For many ultra-high-net-worth individuals, success and addiction often go hand in hand. The relentless pursuit of wealth, status, and power can become overwhelming, creating an environment where stress is managed through substance use. High-level executives frequently face immense pressure to perform at exceptional levels, leading to coping mechanisms such as alcohol or drug abuse2. This problem drinking or substance misuse is often rationalised as a way to manage the immense strain they endure.
Interestingly, research indicates that people in positions of power may feel less bound by societal constraints and more willing to engage in risky behaviour2. As their influence grows, so does their capacity to evade accountability for questionable actions, relying on their earned power and status to justify their behaviour.
Isolation also plays a significant role in addiction among ultra-high-net-worth individuals. These individuals can be surrounded by enablers or people too intimidated to challenge them. The power and status of C-suite executives, for example, can deflect concerns that their colleagues or board members may have when they notice uncharacteristic behaviour4. Additionally, the psychological impact of isolation runs deep, as people in these positions often struggle with trust issues, viewing new relationships with suspicion5. While many long for financial wealth, those who have experienced it often describe a deep sense of isolation, noting that their lives look far rosier from the outside6. Sudden wealth, in particular, can become a painful psychological experience for some individuals6.
The intense fear of reputational damage further compounds the issue. Maintaining a flawless public persona is vital for their business, employee wellbeing, and family financial security, making it difficult to seek help. Senior executives, in particular, feel unrelenting pressure from all sides, including clients, colleagues, and family members, which exacerbates the emotional toll and fuels addiction2.
The role of denial and secrecy
In high-functioning individuals with substance use disorders, denial and secrecy often play pivotal roles in sustaining addiction. These individuals may go to great lengths to conceal their substance misuse, not only from those around them but also from themselves2. The façade of success helps them rationalise their behaviour, allowing the high-functioning addiction to continue unchecked.
The fear of stigma is a significant barrier to seeking help. The personal shame and professional implications of admitting to an addiction can feel insurmountable, particularly for ultra-high-net-worth individuals who are under constant scrutiny, or actively in the public eye2. They may have concerns that acknowledging their addiction may tarnish their reputation, impact business decisions, or lead to financial losses.
However, this secrecy can lead to a worsening of the condition. Over time, personal relationships can begin to suffer, and the strain on mental and physical health becomes insurmountable. When addiction in successful individuals is left untreated, it can manifest in poor decision-making, emotional instability, and health deterioration, all of which are increasingly difficult to hide as the addiction progresses. This underscores the need for discreet addiction treatment to manage these challenges effectively.
The impact on generational wellbeing
The long-term consequences of untreated addiction, particularly in ultra-high-net-worth families, extend far beyond the individual. In many cases, whether someone is considered “high-functioning” often hinges on whether family, friends, and colleagues are willing to accommodate the addiction1. However, addiction takes a profound toll on family dynamics; notably spouses and children.
Generational trauma and addiction are common outcomes, with emotional scars and unresolved conflicts often passed down. Addiction can disrupt marriages, impair emotional bonds, and create a ripple effect of distress within the family2.
However, children of individuals with substance use disorders are reported to be particularly vulnerable, with research indicating that they may face an increased risk of developing their own substance dependencies7. Substance dependencies within the family context can lead to unmet developmental needs, emotional distress, and even violence8. Children growing up in these environments may struggle with trust, exhibit overly responsible behaviour, and may take on adult roles at an inappropriately young age8. Addressing addiction early is essential not only for the individual’s recovery but also to prevent the cycle of trauma and addiction from continuing into the next generation.
Breaking the cycle with discreet, specialised treatment
At Harbor, we offer discreet addiction treatment tailored to the unique needs of ultra-high-net-worth individuals, ensuring complete privacy and confidentiality. Our personalised, highly curated approach is designed to uncover the root causes of addiction – whether it’s driven by underlying trauma, chronic stress, or other factors – and address them through a comprehensive, multidisciplinary treatment plan in a serene environment.
Harbor’s whole-person approach ensures that our clients receive care from a team of experts, including psychiatrists, therapists, and addiction specialists. Each works collaboratively to deliver comprehensive addiction recovery that not only treats the immediate symptoms but also addresses the long-term psychological and emotional impacts.
We recognise that addiction affects the entire family, and without addressing its ripple effects through the family system, long-term recovery is unlikely7-8. Therefore, we can also integrate family systems therapy into our treatment plans, ensuring that all elements of the client’s life are considered. Harbor’s emphasis on aftercare and ongoing support is critical for preventing relapse, helping our clients maintain lasting sobriety and reclaim their lives.
Taking the first step
Recognising the signs of high-functioning addiction in ultra-high-net-worth individuals is crucial, as early intervention can prevent long-term damage to both the individual and their family. The pressures of maintaining outward success while privately battling addiction are immense, but help is available.
At Harbor, we specialise in discreet addiction treatment that prioritises privacy, luxury, and tailored care for each client. Whether you’re a family member, trusted advisor, or the individual in need of support, we offer comprehensive recovery solutions that address both the root causes and ongoing challenges of addiction.
Reach out to our team today to explore how our bespoke, confidential services can help you, your patients or clients, or someone you know take the first step toward sustainable recovery.
References
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3883816/
- https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/harm-reduction-or-abstinence/202308/drinking-in-the-c-suite
- https://www.businessinsider.com/tech-executives-report-heavy-alcohol-drinking-painkillers-substance-use-stress-2023-7
- https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/17/success/addiction-c-suite-executives/index.html
- https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/nov/22/therapist-super-rich-succession-billionaires
- https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20161014-loneliness-often-follows-sudden-wealth
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02791072.2012.685408
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3725219/